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Difference Between Dicalcium Phosphate and Monocalcium Phosphate

March 4, 2018 Posted by Madhu

Key Difference – Dicalcium Phosphate vs Monocalcium Phosphate
 

Dicalcium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate are inorganic compounds that are composed of calcium cations and phosphate anions. These compounds have different applications in different industries such as food industry, the pharmaceutical industry, etc. The key difference between Dicalcium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate is that Dicalcium phosphate has a HPO42- anion per molecule whereas monocalcium phosphate contains two H2PO4– anions per molecule.

CONTENTS

1. Overview and Key Difference
2. What is Dicalcium Phosphate
3. What is Monocalcium Phosphate
4. Similarities Between Dicalcium Phosphate and Monocalcium Phosphate
5. Side by Side Comparison – Dicalcium Phosphate vs Monocalcium Phosphate in Tabular Form
6. Summary

What is Dicalcium Phosphate?

Dicalcium Phosphate is calcium phosphate having the chemical formula CaHPO4 and its dihydrate. The chemical formula of this compound is CaHPO4. The molar mass of this compound is 136.06 g/mol. It is an odorless compound that appears as a white power. The density of Dicalcium phosphate varies with its hydration. When anhydrous, the density of Dicalcium phosphate is 2.92 g/cm3 whereas the density of its dihydrate forms is 2.31 g/cm3. At higher temperatures, Dicalcium phosphate decomposes instead of melting.

Difference Between Dicalcium Phosphate and Monocalcium Phosphate

Figure 01: Dicalcium Phosphate Powder

There are three possible chemical structure of Dicalcium phosphate.

  1. Dehydrate form (CaHPO4.2H2O)
  2. Hemihydrate form (CaHPO4.0.5H2O)
  3. Anhydrous form (CaHPO4)

The crystal structure of Dicalcium phosphate crystals is triclinic. The IUPAC name of this compound is Calcium hydrogen phosphate dehydrate. The reactants used for the production of Dicalcium phosphate include calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4). The production process include the neutralization of calcium hydroxide by phosphoric acid that gives Dicalcium phosphate as a dehydrate precipitate. When its reaction is done at or around 60°C, the anhydrous form is produced.

H3PO4 + Ca(OH)2 → CaHPO4

The degradation of this final product can form hydroxyapatite. Therefore, in order to avoid the degradation, sodium pyrophosphate is added to the reaction mixture.

Dicalcium phosphate is used in manufacturing cereals, dog treats and noodle products as a dietary supplement. It also has some pharmaceutical applications; used as a tableting agent. Apart from that, Dicalcium phosphate is used as a food additive, and is also found in toothpaste as a polishing agent.

What is Monocalcium Phosphate?

Monocalcium phosphate is a calcium phosphate having the chemical formula Ca(H2PO4)2. It is commonly found as the monohydrate form. The IUPAC name of this compound is Calcium dihydrogen phosphate. The molar mass of this compound is 234.05 g/mol. The melting point of Monocalcium phosphate is 109°C and the boiling point is 203°C. However, at higher temperatures, it decomposes.

Monocalcium phosphate is prepared by using treating calcium hydroxide with phosphoric acid with a high purity. The reaction is as follows.

Ca(OH)2 + 2 H3PO4 → Ca(H2PO4)2 + 2 H2O

The final product or the Monocalcium phosphate solid tends to convert into Dicalciumphosphate form.

Key Difference Between Dicalcium Phosphate and Monocalcium Phosphate

Figure 02: Monocalcium Phosphate Crystals

There are two main applications of Monocalcium phosphate; it is used in fertilizer production and as a leavening agent. Monocalcium phosphate or triple superphosphate is a solid that is used as a fertilizer. It is also used as a leavening agent in food industry.

What are the Similarities Between Dicalcium Phosphate and Monocalcium Phosphate?

  • Both Dicalcium Phosphate and Monocalcium Phosphate are composed of phosphate anions.
  • Both Dicalcium Phosphate and Monocalcium Phosphate are used in food industry.
  • Both Dicalcium Phosphate and Monocalcium Phosphate compounds decompose at high temperatures.
  • Both Dicalcium Phosphate and Monocalcium Phosphate compounds are produced from calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid.

What is the Difference Between Dicalcium Phosphate and Monocalcium Phosphate?

Dicalcium Phosphate vs Monocalcium Phosphate

Dicalcium Phosphate is calcium phosphate having the chemical formula CaHPO4 and it’s dihydrate. Monocalcium phosphate is a calcium phosphate having the chemical formula Ca(H2PO4)2.
 Structure
Dicalcium phosphate has a HPO42- anion per molecule. Monocalcium phosphate contains two H2PO4– anions per molecule.
Molar Mass
The molar massof Dicalcium Phosphate is 136.06 g/mol The molar mass of Monocalcium Phosphate is 234.05 g/mol
 IUPAC Name
The IUPAC name of Dicalcium Phosphate is Calcium hydrogen phosphate dehydrate. The IUPAC name of Monocalcium Phosphate is Calcium dihydrogen phosphate.
Chemical Formula
The chemical formula of Dicalcium Phosphate is CaHPO4 The chemical formula of Monocalcium phosphate is Ca(H2PO4)2
Uses
Used in manufacturing cereals, dog treats and noodle products as a dietary supplement.

Used as a tableting agent and as a food additive and also in toothpaste as a polishing agent.

Monocalcium Phosphate it is used in fertilizer production and as a leavening agent.

Summary – Dicalcium Phosphate vs Monocalcium Phosphate

Dicalcium phosphate and Monocalcium Phosphate are inorganic compounds that are composed of anions derived from phosphoric acid. The difference between Dicalcium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate is that, Dicalcium phosphate has a HPO42- anion per molecule whereas monocalcium phosphate contains two H2PO4– anions per molecule.

Reference:

1.Hendrickson, Kirstin. “What Is the Purpose of Dicalcium Phosphate?” COM, Leaf Group, 14 Aug. 2017. Available here
2.“Monocalcium phosphate.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 15 Feb. 2018.  Available here
3.“Dicalcium phosphate.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 17 Feb. 2018.  Available here

Image Courtesy:

1.’Dicalcium phosphate’By Chemicalinterest – Own work, (Public Domain) via Commons Wikimedia 
2.’Monocalcium phosphate spoon’By Chemicalinterest at en.wikipedia – Own work (Public Domain) via Commons Wikimedia 

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Filed Under: Inorganic Chemistry Tagged With: Compare Dicalcium Phosphate and Monocalcium Phosphate, Dicalcium Phosphate, Dicalcium Phosphate and Monocalcium Phosphate Differences, Dicalcium Phosphate and Monocalcium Phosphate Similarities, Dicalcium Phosphate Definition. Monocalcium Phosphate Definition, Dicalcium Phosphate Formula, Dicalcium Phosphate Molar Mass, Dicalcium Phosphate Structure, Dicalcium Phosphate Use, Dicalcium Phosphate vs Monocalcium Phosphate, Monocalcium Phosphate, Monocalcium Phosphate Formula, Monocalcium Phosphate Molar Mass, Monocalcium Phosphate Structure, Monocalcium Phosphate Use

About the Author: Madhu

Madhu is a graduate in Biological Sciences with BSc (Honours) Degree and currently persuing a Masters Degree in Industrial and Environmental Chemistry. With a mind rooted firmly to basic principals of chemistry and passion for ever evolving field of industrial chemistry, she is keenly interested to be a true companion for those who seek knowledge in the subject of chemistry.

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