Liberalism vs Constructivism
There are many theories that have been propounded in the study of international relations. These theories actually provide a perspective in which to see international relations. Out of these theories, the most popular are realism, liberalism and constructivism. We will, in this article confine ourselves to liberalism and constructivism and try to explain the differences between these theories by highlighting their features.
Liberalism
This theory of international relations arose primarily after World War I as it dawned upon analysts that there was an urgent need to regulate international relations so as to limit the number of wars breaking around the world. This theory gained popularity through some of the prominent public figures such as Woodrow Wilson and Norman Angell who saw and understood the futility of wars and stressed upon mutual cooperation for the benefit of all concerned.
Liberalism is of the view that international relations should not be guided by politics alone and economics plays a vital role in bringing states closer to each other. One perfect example of this thinking is reflected by extreme popularity of Hollywood and how it helped many types of American exports to other countries. Liberalism further states that mutual cooperation leads to interdependence that is a prerequisite to avoid contentious issues and to achieve peace.
Constructivism
Constructivism is an important theory to analyze international relations and Alexander Wendt is considered to be one of the most vocal proponents of this theory. All through 80’s and 90’s, constructivism has become a major force when it comes to analyzing international relations. According to Alexander Wendt, international relations are determined more by shared ideas rather than material interests. Though constructivism is a separate theory of international relations, it does not necessarily contradict realism and liberalism. Constructivism is more of a social theory that explains the actions of states and actors belonging to these states.
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In brief: Liberalism vs Constructivism • There are many theories put forward to explain international relations and constructivism and liberalism are two such popular theories. • Liberalism tries to explain international relations as having been based upon as much on economics as on politics. • Constructivism places more importance on shared ideas than on material interests.
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