Difference Between Imbibition and Osmosis

Key Difference – Imbibition vs Osmosis
 

Molecules move from one area to another area by different processes. Imbibition, diffusion and osmosis are three methods involved in plants in the molecule movement. Imbibition is the process of absorbing water by a solid substance. These solid substances are known as imbibants, and they are hydrophilic. Osmosis is a process where the water molecules move from high water potential area to low water potential area across a semi-permeable membrane. It is a type of passive process driven due to the gradient of the water potential. Both processes are very important for plants. The key difference between imbibition and osmosis is imbibition does not need a semipermeable membrane whereas osmosis occurs via a semi-permeable membrane.

CONTENTS

1. Overview and Key Difference
2. What is Imbibition
3. What is Osmosis
4. Similarities Between Imbibition and Osmosis
5. Side by Side Comparison – Imbibition vs Osmosis in Tabular Form
6. Summary

What is Imbibition?

Imbibition is the process of absorbing water by a solid substance without forming a solution. The substance is known as an imbibant, and these substances do not dissolve in water. Imbibants should be hydrophilic. They should not repel water molecules.

Dry seeds are a good example for imbibant. For the germination purpose, it absorbs water from the environment. Different imbibants show different capacities to absorb water. Proteins show good ambibing capacity than starch and cellulose. Due to this reason, proteinaceous seeds show more swollen nature than starchy seeds. This process is very important for plants mainly because of two reasons. They are the absorption of water from the soil by the cell walls of the root hair cells and seed germination. Both processes occur via imbibitions.

What is Osmosis?

Osmosis is the process of water movement from a region of higher water potential to a region of low water potential via a semipermeable membrane. Osmosis is a type of diffusion process. It is a passive process meaning it does not require energy. It is driven by the water potential gradient across the semipermeable membrane. Osmosis is two types; endosmosis and exosmosis. During the endosmosis, water molecules enter the cell due to low water potential compared to that in the solution outside.

During the exosmosis, water molecules leave the cell due to the high water potential inside the cell with comparison to that in the outside solution. Therefore, endosmosis causes turgidity while exosmosis causes plasmolysis. Endosmosis and exosmosis occur in hypertonic and hypotonic solutions respectively.

What are the Similarities Between Imbibition and Osmosis?

• Water molecules move in both processes.
• Both methods are the type of molecule movement methods.
• In both processes, water molecules are absorbed (in the case of osmosis, absorption and release both are possible).
• Both processes are very important for plants.
• Both are types of diffusion.

What is the Difference Between Imbibition and Osmosis?

Imbibition vs Osmosis
Imbibition refers to the process of absorbing water by a solid substance.	Osmosis is the process of movement of water molecules from high water potential area to low water potential area through a semi-permeable membrane.
Involvement of a Solid Substance
Imbibition involves a solid substance.	Osmosis does not involve a solid substance.
Involvement of a Semi-permeable Membrane
Imbibition does not involve a semi-permeable membrane.	Osmosis is involved with a semi-permeable membrane.
Requirement of Colloidal Particles
Imbibition requires colloidal particles.	Osmosis does not require colloidal particles. It requires solute particles.
Heat Generation
Imbibition can generate heat during the imbibitions.	Osmosis does not generate heat.
Pressure Development
High pressure can be developed during the imbibitions.	Compared to imbibitions, osmosis does not develop a high pressure.
Types
Imbibition has no types.	Osmosis has two types; endosmosis and exosmosis.

Summary – Imbibition vs Osmosis 

Imbibition and osmosis are two processes that facilitate water movement in plants. Absorption of water molecules by a hydrophilic solid substance is known as imbibitions. Imbibition is very important in seed germination and water absorption by root hairs. The substances are known as imbibants, and they attract water molecules. However, imbibants do not dissolve in water. Osmosis is another process that involves water movement. Water molecules move from a region of high water potential to region of low water potential through a semi-permeable or selective membrane. The movement of water molecules in and out of the cells occurs via osmosis. It can be explained in two ways; endosmosis and exosmosis respectively. Imbibition does not occur via a semi-permeable  membrane. But osmosis occurs via a semi-permeable  membrane. This is the difference between imbibitions and osmosis.

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Reference:

1.“Imbibition: Conditions, Characteristics, Factors, Role and Significance | Botany.” Biology Discussion, 26 Oct. 2015. Available here
2.“Osmosis.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 16 Jan. 2018. Available here 

Image Courtesy:

1.’Closeup of Seed Germination Test – Photo by USFS Region 5′ By USFS Region 5 – Closeup of Seed Germination Test, (CC BY 2.0) via Commons Wikimedia  
2.’Osmosis experiment’By Rlawson at English Wikibooks, (CC BY-SA 3.0)  via Commons Wikimedia