Difference Between Paranthropus and Australopithecus

Key Difference – Paranthropus vs Australopithecus
 

Hominidae is a taxonomic family of primates whose members are known as great apes or hominids. This taxonomic group included the ancient extinct hominins such as Paranthropus, Australopithecus and Homo group including modern man. The Paranthropus is described as a genus of extinct hominins. They were also known as “robust australopithecines”. They were bipedal and found to be descended from “gracile australopithecines”. And they probably had lived 2.7 million years ago. They are subdivided further into Paranthropus aethiopicus, Paranthropus robustus and Paranthropus boisei. Australopithecus is also an extinct genus of hominins which is broadly categorized into several groups like Australopithecus Afarensis, Australopithecus africanus, Australopithecus anamensis, Australopithecus bahrelghazali, Australopithecus deyiremeda, Australopithecus garhi and Australopithecus sediba. They lived in the region of the African continent in Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs (more accurately 5.3 to 2.6 million years ago). The key difference between Paranthropus and Australopithecus is, Paranthropus had larger braincase (cranium) than the Australopithecus while Australopithecus braincase (cranium) was smaller than Paranthropus as well as the Homo genus.

CONTENTS

1. Overview and Key Difference
2. Who is Paranthropus
3. Who is Australopithecus
4. Similarities Between Paranthropus and Australopithecus
5. Side by Side Comparison – Paranthropus vs Australopithecus in Tabular Form
6. Summary

Who is Paranthropus?

Paranthropus is a genus of extinct hominins. They were bipedal and had lived 2.7 million years ago. Most of the species of Paranthropus had a brain which was 40% in size of that of a modern man. They were well-muscled species and roughly 1.3 m in height. The genus Paranthropus is characterized by robust craniodental anatomy, gorilla-like a sagittal cranial crest, broad grinding herbivorous teeth and strong muscles of mastication. The Paranthropus were lacking the transverse cranial crests in the skulls which can be found in the modern gorillas. They were specifically tailored to a diet of grubs and plants. It had made difficult for them in adapting to the changing climate which eventually led to their extinction. According to the evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins, their taxonomy is often disputed with the genus Australopithecus. The pelvis of Paranthropus is similar to that of the A. Afarensis. But the hip joint including the femoral head and acetabulum are smaller in Paranthropus. The similar hip structure between A. aferensis and Paranthropus suggests that they had similar walking gait. Most probably the Paranthropus moved like the gracile australopiths.

Genus Paranthropus is subdivided further into Paranthropus aethiopicus, Paranthropus robustus and Paranthropus boisei. The remains of Paranthropus were found in Omo river valley in Southern Ethiopia and western shore of Lake Turkana in Northern Kenya. Paranthropus lived in both southern and eastern Africa was associated with stone tool making. However, they had not used a language of communication nor did they control fire. Species like Paranthropus boisei were considered as part-time graminivore.

Who is Australopithecus?

Australopithecus is an extinct genus of hominins. They are broadly categorized into several groups like Australopithecus aferensis, Australopithecus africanus, Australopithecus anamensis, Australopithecus bahrelghazali, Australopithecus deyiremeda, Australopithecus garhi and Australopithecus sediba. Australopithecus lived around 5.3 to 2.6 million years ago.

According to the evidence of fossils, they bore the characters of both humans and apes. They were bipedal like humans. But they had small brains similar to apes. Their canine teeth were small like humans but the cheek teeth were large. They were prominent frugivorous. These species traveled short distances. Australopithecus species were usually standing 1.2 to 1.4 m tall. An Australopithecus skeleton fossil named as “Lucy” was found in Ethiopia that has been dated back to 3.2 million years ago. The evolutionary scientists believe suddenly australopith species became a Homo genus (like Homo habilis) two million years ago in Africa and eventually the modern humans Homo sapiens came into being.

What are the Similarities Between Paranthropus and Australopithecus?

• They were both extinct species.
• They were both belonging to hominins group.
• Paranthropus and some Australopithecus had similar walking gait.
• Both included in the disputed group of “Australopiths” in the lineage.
• Both lived 2.6 million years ago.
• Both were bipedal.

What is the Difference Between Paranthropus and Australopithecus?

Paranthropus vs Australopithecus
Paranthropus is an extinct genus of hominins which had larger braincase (cranium).	Australopithecus is an extinct genus of hominins which had smaller braincase (cranium).
Temporal Fossa
Paranthropus’s temporal fossa was large.	Australopithecus’s temporal fossa was small.
Snout
Paranthropus’s snout was short.	Australopithecus’s snout was long.
Sagittal Crest
Paranthropus males had a sagittal crest.	The sagittal crest was absent in Australopithecus.
Location of the Face
The face of the Paranthropus was located high in neurocranium.	The face of the Australopithecus was located below in neurocranium.
Face
Paranthropus had a flat face.	Australopithecus had prognathic incisors in their faces.
Zygomatics and Mandible
Paranthropus had robust zygomatic and mandible.	Australopithecus had not got robust zygomatic and mandible.
Forehead
Paranthropus had a flat forehead.	Australopithecus had a steep forehead.
Relative Size of Incisors and Canines
Paranthropus incisors and canines were small.	Australopithecus incisors and canines were large.
Size of Premolars and Molars
Paranthropus premolars and molars were large.	Australopithecus premolars and molars were small.

Summary – Paranthropus vs Australopithecus 

Both Paranthropus and Australopithecus are extinct hominins. Paranthropus were robust and descended from gracile australopithecines. They were bipedal and probably lived 2.7 million years ago. It is divided broadly to three groups; Paranthropus aethiopicus, Paranthropus robustus and Paranthropus boisei. Australopithecus has subdivision like; Australopithecus aferensis, Australopithecus africanus, Australopithecus anamensis, Australopithecus bahrelghazali, Australopithecus deyiremeda, Australopithecus garhi and Australopithecus sediba. They lived in the area of Africa during 5.3 to 2.6 million years ago. This can be described as the difference between Paranthropus and Australopithecus.

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Reference:

1.“Paranthropus.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 4 Dec. 2017. Available here 
2.“Australopithecus.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 7 Dec. 2017. Available here 

Image Courtesy:

1.’Paranthropus boisei’By Lillyundfreya (CC BY-SA 3.0) via Commons Wikimedia
2.’A.afarensis’ (Public Domain) via Commons Wikimedia